The Death of Jesus
Al-Baydawi
Al-Baidawi (d. 1286), a Qur’anic exegesist, wrote the text, Anwar at-Tanzil wa
Asrar at-Tawail (The Lights of Revelation and the Secrets of Interpretation). He
took from earlier works such as those by Zamakhshari and expanded them,
subsequently his work is considered to be amongst the best commentaries on
the Qur’an.
Allah, the Almighty, says:
“And because they said: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the
messenger of God. But they did not slay him, nor did they crucify him, for only
a likeness of him was shown to them. Those who disagree concerning it surely
are in doubt regarding him. They have no knowledge of him, but only follow
surmise. And it is certain that they did not slay him! No indeed, God raised him
up to Himself. God is All Mighty, All Wise.” [Al-Qur’an 4:157]
“And because they said: We slew the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the
messenger of God.”
This is because the Jews asserted this. It is however also possible that the Jews
said this only scornfully as is the case in a similar situation with the words of
Pharoah concerning Moses (“Pharoah said: Surely your messenger who is sent
to you is a madman,” [Al-Qur’an 26:27]), and that God took up this assertion of
the Jews again in order to praise Jesus or to replace their evil account with a
good one.
“But they did not slay him, nor did they crucify him, for only a likeness of him
was shown to them.”
It is related that a group of Jews insulted Jesus and his mother, whereupon
Jesus appealed to God against them. When God turned them into monkeys and
swines, the Jews came to an agreement to kill Jesus. Then God informed Jesus
that He would raise Jesus to heaven, so Jesus said to his disciples, “Who among
you will agree to take a form similar to mine and die in my place and be
crucified then go straight to heaven?” A man among them offered himself, so
God changed him into a form to look like Jesus, and he was killed and crucified.
Others say that a man pretended to be a believer in front of Jesus and then
went away denouncing him, whereupon God changed this man into a form
similar to that of Jesus, and then he was seized and crucified.
Still others say that the Jew Titanus entered a house where Jesus was, with a
treacherous intention, but could not find him. Then God changed him into a
form similar to Jesus, and when he came outside people thought he was Jesus
and so they seized and crucified him.
Similar unusual things which one may not find improbable for the time of the
Prophets have been reported on this subject.
When God blames the Jews (in this context), it is only because their words
showed that they acted impudently towards God, wishing to kill his Prophet in
spite of the confirmation of the Prophethood of Jesus through overwhelming
miracles (mu’jizat), and furthermore they rejoiced in doing so.
“Those who disagree concerning it … “
That is concerning the state in which Jesus was. For as soon as this event (the
crucifixion of another person in Jesus’s place) occurred, the people disagreed
concerning it. Some Jews said, “Jesus was a liar when he said God would raise
him up to heaven, for we certainly killed him!” Others hesitated, and some of
these said, “If this crucified person is Jesus, then where is our companion who
wanted to betray him?” Others said, “That is the face of Jesus, but the body is
that of our companion.” Those however, who had heard Jesus when he said,
“God will raise me up to heaven,” said, “He was raised into heaven.”
Allah, the Almighty, also says:
“And he (i.e. Jesus) is the sign of the Hour (i.e. of the day of Judgement). Have
no doubt about the hour and follow Me (i.e. obey the command of God)! This is
a straight path (i.e. Islam).” [Al-Qur’an 43:61]
“And he”, that is Jesus, “is the sign of the Hour of the day of Judgement”, since
his appearance or his coming down from heaven is among the signs which will
announce that the Hour of the Day of Judgement is near.
In the hadith, it is reported that Jesus will come down over a mountain in the
Holy Land called Afiq, and in his hand he will carry a spear with which he will kill
the antichrist (dajjal) (see also, the false Christ in Matthew 24:24, which in
Syriac is mshihe daggale). He will then go to Jerusalem (bayt al-muqaddas) just
when the inhabitants are performing the morning prayer. The imam (leader of
the prayer) will want to step back (in view of Jesus appearance and let him
lead), but Jesus will give him precedence to perform the prayer behind him.
Then he will kill the swine, dash to pieces the crucifix, demolish the churches
and synagogues, and kill the people who do not have the correct belief of him.
The general Muslim view of Jesus is as follows:
1- He was born of the Virgin Mary (Maryam in Arabic – see the chapter by
that name in the Qur’an for further details);
2- He was, by the Mercy of Allah, able to perform miracles (see Qur’anic
and hadith references);
3- To him was revealed the Injil (see Qur’anic and hadith references – n.b.
the Injil in NO WAY constitutes what is today known as the New
Testament);
4- Jesus was raised to heaven – he did not die on the cross;
5- and Jesus will return as the Messiah – this does not mean that we raise
the status of Jesus to me more than that of a man as Jesus, like Moses,
Noah, Muhammad, Abraham, Yunus, etc., peace be upon them all, were
all Prophets and we do not distinguish between them.
May Allah, the Almighty, have mercy and protect us from the evil of
ourselves, the evil of shaytan (Satan), and the evil of Satan’s partnership
